Septic Tank Function
The function of a septic tank involves the initial treatment of domestic waste before it is discharged into the environment. Following are some of the main functions of a septic tank:
1. Waste Separation and Deposition:
Liquid waste from households or buildings enters the septic tank. In the septic tank, waste undergoes a separation and settling process. Different layers form inside the tank, including light layers (foam and oil), clean water layers, and sludge deposits at the bottom.
2. Biological Decomposition:
Septic tanks function as a place for the biological decomposition of waste. Anaerobic bacteria that live in septic tanks break down organic material in waste, producing gas and sludge.
3. Clean Water Cleaning:
After the separation and decomposition process, the clean water in the middle of the septic tank can flow out through the outlet. Although the water still contains some dissolved substances, most of the solid particles have settled out.
4. Screening Through Soil (Disposal):
Water that has undergone processing in a septic tank is then discharged into the ground through a drain or absorption system. Soil functions as an additional filter to clean water before it reaches groundwater.
5. Use in Remote Environments:
Septic tanks are often used in rural areas or remote places where public sewerage is not available. This function allows local waste treatment without the need for long-distance sewer lines.
6. Reduces Public Sewer Load:
By treating waste locally, septic tanks can help reduce the burden on public sewers or waste processing plants, especially in areas underserved by municipal sanitation infrastructure.
7. Prevention of Environmental Pollution:
Septic tanks help prevent environmental pollution by processing domestic waste before being discharged into the environment. This treatment helps reduce the risk of groundwater and surface water pollution.